管道可能承受许多种外力的作用，包括本身的重量（管子、阀门、管子联接件、保温层和管内流体的重量）、流体的压力作用在管端的推力、风雪载荷、土壤压力、热胀冷缩引起的热应力、振动载荷和地震灾害等。为了保证管道的强度和刚度，必须设置各种支（吊）架，如活动支架、固定支架、导向支架和弹簧支架等。支架的设置根据管道的直径、材质、管子壁厚和载荷等条件决定。固定支架用来分段控制管道的热伸长，使膨胀节均匀工作。导向支架使管子仅作轴向移动。
Pipeline may bear many kinds of external forces, including its own weight (the weight of pipes, valves, pipe joints, insulation layer and fluid in the pipe), the thrust of fluid pressure at the end of the pipe, snow load, soil pressure, thermal stress caused by thermal expansion and contraction, vibration load and zhushifen.07858.netjubingxi.07858.netguolvqiy.89ix.com jiezhifab.89ix.comyouxiangy.89ix.comshiyanc.89ix.comearthquake disaster, etc. In order to ensure the strength and stiffness of the pipeline, it is necessary to install various brackets, such as movable bracket, fixed bracket, guide bracket and spring bracket. The bracket is set according to the pipe diameter, material, pipe wall thickness and load conditions. Fixed bracket is used to control the thermal elongation of the pipeline in segments, so that the expansion joint can work uniformly. The guide bracket enables the tube to move only axially.